Paul Saltzman

The Maharishi had moved to England in 1959, just about the time the Beatles were starting to come together. After graduating as a physicist, from Allahbad University in India, he worked for a short time before leaving his more worldly path behind, for the life of a neophyte Indian holy man, or ‘sadhu’.

Apparently, he spent the next 13 years in study and meditation with his teacher, Guru Dev, before heading west. In London he began teaching a very simple, easy to learn form of Hindu meditation. What seemed to appeal to westerners, like myself, was that inner peace could be accomplished without the traditional ways of eastern asceticism.

In this way, the Maharishi was very shrewd. In a radical departure from traditional Hindu teaching, he said there was no conflict between the materialistic ways of day to day living, and the spiritual path as embodied in his form of meditation. And, even more shrewd, where traditionally spiritual knowledge and techniques are never sold, the Maharishi said westerners wouldn’t value his teachings if they were free. In time, this would make his organization extremely wealthy, indeed. His gift was clearly a packaging masterpiece. And this doesn’t take away from the value of his form of meditation. Early on, the Maharishi even trademarked the name for his system of meditation ‘TM’ for ‘Transcendental Meditation’. He described his technique as a simple, scientific system that brings peace, happiness and success to all who use it. I imagine, this is what attracted Pattie and George to bring the other Beatles along to meet the Maharishi at the Hilton Hotel in London. It was 1967.

Of the meeting, Paul said, “He basically said, with a simple system of meditation, twenty minutes in the morning, twenty minutes in the evening, no big sort of crazy thing, you can improve the quality of your life and sort of find some sort of meaning in doing so.” Of the Beatles, the Maharishi said, “They are the ideal of energy and intelligence of their generation, and will really bring up the youth on a good level of understanding and intelligence, and I’m very happy about this.”*

The next day, Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones joined John, Paul, George, Ringo and their group for a meditation retreat in Wales. During the train ride the Maharishi explained the illusory nature of life, or ‘maya’ in Sanskrit, and the simplicity of meditation as a way of attaining inner peace. En route, he ‘initiated’ them, separately and privately, giving each of them their own individual mantra. At first, Paul tried to meditate for half-an-hour and couldn’t do it. He spent his first few times trying to stop his mind from reviewing his social calendar, but he liked it. John was fascinated that they were getting into eastern philosophies. George was into it and doing well, and Ringo was struggling with it. But after only one day at the retreat, they learned of the tragic death of their beloved manager, the real ‘5th Beatle’ as they would later say, 32 year-old Brian Epstein.

It was Epstein, also from Liverpool, who ‘discovered’ the Beatles when they performed at the now legendary Cavern Club in Liverpool on November 9, 1961. He was then managing one of his family’s music stores and although he knew little about rock ‘n’ roll he had a fine, young entrepreneurial instinct. He immediately signed them as their manager and music business partner, and initiated their make-over from four hirsute, leather-clad, Liverpool rockers into their soon to be famous, trend-setting, mop-haired, band–now clad in matching Doug Millings dress suits–belting out mega-hit after mega-hit.

The death of Brian, in what was later semi-officially classified as an accidental suicide from an overdose of barbiturates combined with alcohol, was an unimaginable shock to the four young men barely in their mid-twenties. The Maharishi comforted them, saying that life transcends beyond this physical plane, and that at such a time they must hold loving feelings to support Brian’s spirit as he moved onwards. The next day the Beatles left for home to have privacy for their individual grief.

For John and George, especially, the Maharishi and meditation embodied the hope of finding meaning to life’s mysteries. And, I imagine, finding an end to the confusion and pain that plagues life, often when lived unconsciously, no matter how rich or famous you are. Before they left for India, Paul expressed to his friend, singer-songwriter Donovan, that they hoped the Maharishi would give them some of the answers for both personal peace and global peace. The Beatles gave up drugs, for a time, during this period of meeting the Maharishi and going to India.

Like many of my generation, smoking marijuana was a pivotal experience in my conscious awakening. It was an invaluable door opener. I was 21, and before trying marijuana I was a bright, talented, frenetic, under-achiever with low self-esteem and barely any conscious awareness of either who I was, or what I needed and wanted below the surface level of myself. The introspective, increased awareness aspect of ‘getting high’ allowed me to look within–to begin to see who I was, and who I wanted to be. It was also lots of fun. Then, having read Aldous Huxley’s The Doors of Perception, I explored further using the soft psychotropic drugs: LSD, mescaline and psylosibin. For me, it was never about ‘Let’s get stoned and party!’ I was frightened of ‘bathtub acid’ and of having a ‘bad trip’, and I never took a psychotropic without first having it laboratory tested by a friendly pharmacologist I knew.

Although it was truly helpful, within a couple of years I found ‘getting high’ actually brought me down. I was more tense ‘stoned’ than ‘straight’. I was more perceptive ‘straight’ than ‘stoned’. Hallelujah! For me, drugs were about getting into life, not avoiding life. Going deeper, not shallower. And while people still use soft drugs that way, and sometimes even get such benefits when it is not part of their intentions, unfortunately it’s often a tool of escape from one’s own inner self.

It was at that point, when getting high was occasionally fun, and more often not, that the next step for me was to get away from the environment that had had so much influence in forming me, and I left for India. It seems that often we only need to consciously know the next healthy step in our unfolding. Lao-tzu wrote: “The journey of a thousand miles begins with one step.” And for many of us, including John, Paul, George and Ringo, that next step led to long-known wisdoms of the East. To meditation. To Rishikesh.

Personally, I had been brought up with the firm belief that there was no God, nor goddess, nor spirit, nor soul, but the beneficial results of meditation immediately dispelled my earlier cynicism. I was, though, somewhat turned off by both those meditators who worshipped the Maharishi, and by his grandiose claim that meditation would lead to world peace. I was reminded of this during one of the Maharishi’s daily press conferences, just outside the ashram gates. As he sat, one of his disciples holding a large black umbrella above his head to shield him from the sun, a bouquet of yellow and orange marigolds in his hands, an American reporter asked, “What success have you had here in India?” The Maharishi said that he’d had little success but was now going to increase his efforts. He added, “The Indian people are poor and they are lazy and meditation will give them the energy and drive to work harder and better themselves.” The reporter tried to suggest that poverty was not a simple matter of laziness.

The Maharishi just giggled in his charming but evasive way and said, “With meditation they will overcome their poverty.” I was deeply disappointed by his answer. Indians are absolutely not lazy, many toiling 12 hours a day in the blistering sun building roads, houses, tilling the land, harvesting, all of which I had already seen while filming across Gujerat and Rajasthan. The same reporter then asked, “What do you think about American young people?” The Maharishi’s answer shocked me. “They should stay in school and obey their parents,” he said, “and they must obey the leaders of your country who are more informed and qualified than they.” He added that he disagreed with nuclear disarmament and that America was right to be in Viet Nam.

*From the documentary, ‘The Beatles Anthology’.

Flying at 32,000 feet, heading for India, I was excited, and scared. I knew I was searching for something. I was looking for a different ‘me’. But, who was that? And, how do I find him? And, what if ‘he’ didn’t exist? What then?

Landing in the early dawn’s dust and heat of Bombay on December 6, 1967, I was four days shy of my twenty-fourth birthday and I’d never been out of North America. On my own, far away from home, I found myself loving my girlfriend more than ever. Culture shock hit hard. I spent the first three nights in a Salvation Army hostel, for a dollar-fifty a night, including three meals and tea. The first night, my two hundred dollars in U.S. traveler’s checks were stolen and I was awakened at 5:30 the next morning by an earthquake. Nonetheless, I was amazed by India—by its richness and its poverty. The streets around the hostel stank of sewage and yet the colourful clothes, the music, the art and the smell of incense were exquisite. The local people were remarkably hospitable. If I looked lost on a street corner for thirty seconds someone immediately came up to offer directions. Often, they were very curious and asked questions. “What is your name?” “How old are you?” “Where are you from?” “Are you married?” “How do you like India?” And several times I was invited into their homes for tea and conversation.

As the first days passed, I felt the wonderful winter heat of Bombay bathe my body. My neck and back stretched out and stood tall, and my shoulders came upright from their long-defensive hunch. My chest opened up, feeling unrestricted, and my breathing became deep and relaxed, like I couldn’t remember. I loved India, that first week, just for that. Just for the visceral, joyful feeling of coming home to a place within myself that I had long forgotten. It was my first conscious step on the journey within, which George Harrison wrote about so beautifully in his songs Within You, Without You and The Inner Light. It would be only a few weeks later, and a few city blocks from where I was staying in Bombay, that George would first record The Inner Light—on January 12, 1968, at EMI’s Bombay studios—and I couldn’t have imagined that by mid-February my path would unexpectedly cross his, and that of the other Beatles, in Rishikesh.

When the NFB film director and his cameraman arrived a few days later, I moved across the road into the Taj Mahal Hotel. The premier luxury hotel in Bombay, it was renowned for its ornate British Raj architecture. I was now living in luxury on the film production’s budget. Two days later, we drove north by Econoline van, filming up the beautiful west coast of Gujarat and across the western scrublands of Rajasthan. Six weeks later, we finished our filming and on January 24, 1968, we drove into New Delhi. I was excited. A letter from my girlfriend back home was waiting for me. All I can remember is her first line: “Dear Paul, I’ve moved in with Henry.” As I read her “Dear Paul” letter that first night in Delhi, my heart felt crushed. I could barely breathe through the tears. I felt totally abandoned, alone.

It didn’t help that I was now ‘off the production budget’, near broke and had to check out of the posh Oberoi Intercontinental Hotel. After checking out the next day, I walked into the hot mid-afternoon sun and found a crowd of between thirty and forty press people milling about. Even though I’d worked in current affairs television for several years, I had never experienced a news scrum. A gaggle of journalists, reporters, news photographers, cameramen and soundmen were camped outside waiting for someone to arrive. A moment later, a white chauffeur-driven Ambassador, then the most common car in India, pulled in and at a shout they all grabbed their news gear. Paparazzi-like, they swarmed the car. The object of the hunt, a petite, wispy, beautiful young woman could barely get herself out of the car. As she and her female friend were rushed into the lobby by hotel staff, the press crushed around yelling out questions, microphones thrust forward, cameras rolling, snapping photographs. I recognized Mia Farrow from the numerous pictures I’d seen of her in newsmagazines, when her marriage to Frank Sinatra had ended.

Mia was clearly shaken and frightened by the rapaciousness of the news people as they all pushed past me in pursuit of her. Two large Sikh doormen, wearing starched white uniforms and crimson-red turbans, blocked the press from entering as three assistant managers rushed Mia and her friend through the lobby toward a waiting elevator. One photographer slipped through a side door and as he raced up behind Mia calling her name, so she’d turn around, she lost it. She ran at him, screaming, hitting him with her bag. Two security men grabbed him and ushered him out. Mia was close to tears with a look on her face like that of a terrified child.

Deeply moved by her distress, I bought a beautiful giant yellow mum at the hotel flower shop and took the elevator up to her floor. I got off and headed down the long hall towards the Maharajah Suite. The doorbell sounded quietly through the heavy mahogany double doors. After a long moment, the friend I’d seen Mia enter with opened the door. She was, I later learned, Mia’s sister Prudence Farrow. I explained that I had witnessed the scene downstairs and wanted to make a kindly gesture. Prudence was wary but accepted the flower, saying she would give it to Mia, and as I turned and went back down the hall she called after me, “Thank you.” As I left, I understood the double-edged sword of fame in a way I never had before.

As I hung around New Delhi, not knowing what to do, I was desperate for relief. A new American acquaintance, Al Bragg, asked me if I wanted to come along to hear the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi give a talk on transcendental meditation. “I’ll try anything.” I said, jumping at the chance. That night, the large auditorium at New Delhi University was jam-packed, overflowing with foreigners and Indians as we squeezed in against the wall at the back. On stage, a low dais was festooned with flowers. After ten or fifteen minutes, a short, curious little man draped in white cotton, with long scraggly graying hair and beard, entered at the rear of the hall and walked down the center aisle. Close behind, twenty Westerners followed, each of them wearing colorful Indian clothes and garlands of red, white, and orange flowers around their necks. They were, it turned out, part of a group of meditators on their way to the Maharishi’s ashram in Rishikesh. As the Maharishi sat cross-legged on the dais, his followers seated themselves in a semicircle behind him.

The Maharishi talked in a high musical voice about meditation as a direct path to inner peace and harmony. He said, “Transcendental meditation naturally takes the mind beyond the present level of experience to the finer stages of experience, and eventually takes it beyond the finest state of experience and leaves it in a state of pure awareness. It takes the mind behind and beyond the fears and anxieties that trouble us. Reaching those fields of pure consciousness, of pure being, we tap the very source of bliss and energy.”

All this, he said, could begin quickly and easily without conflict in the mind and without giving up any of life’s pleasures. I couldn’t quite buy this. I guess I believed the road to inner peace and happiness was one of struggle. And yet, he was light and joyful and his laughter seemed to embody what he promised was available to all of us through meditation. Standing there at the back of the auditorium, I prayed he was right.

That night, I decided to go to his ashram, or spiritual retreat center, in Rishikesh to learn meditation. Distracted by the pain I was feeling, I didn’t think to make arrangements and several days later I rode through the night by third-class train, northeast into the foothills of the Himalayas. As morning came, a dawning lavender-pink sky illuminating the forested green slopes that rose on either side of the tracks, we entered Dehra Dun, a town known for its two elite British-run private schools, its temples and as one of two rail stops close to Rishikesh.

An hour and a half ride by scooter-rickshaw and 43 kilometers up the road, at 1,175 feet above sea level, we enter Rishikesh. The majesty of the Himalayas begins as the Shivalik range towers another 5,500 feet above the town that straddles the banks of the Ganges. To India’s eight hundred million Hindus, the Ganges is Ganga Ma—or Mother Ganges—the holiest of rivers, making Rishikesh a pilgrimage center filled with temples and hostels. A center for yoga, meditation and philosophical studies since ancient times, it also has many ashrams, both in the town and in the hills around, like the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi’s. I hadn’t realized there were many ashrams there and I asked a young man if he knew where the Maharishi’s was. He didn’t, but said that most of the ashrams were across the river. Walking through the bustling town, past small white temples, sadhus and a few beggars, I arrived at the bathing steps, or ghats, for pilgrims that lined the river. The Ganges flowed swiftly, a rich emerald green colour, as I hired a small motorboat to take me across the river. The old boatman steered us out into the fast current in a wide trajectory that carried us the 150 yards to the east bank of the river. Nearing the far shore, we passed in front of the ghats on the Swargashram side of the Ganges. Men and women, young and old, were bathing and washing clothes in the bright sun. As the boatman pushed off, he pointed south along the riverbank and said, “Maharishi ashram, there.”

Not knowing what I was looking for, I walked a half-mile along the pebbly and rocky riverbank until I saw a small sign at the foot of a narrow path. Made of rough wood, it had the word ‘ashram’ crudely painted on it, with a small arrow pointing towards the heavens. After a circuitous and steep climb through trees, thickets and patches of large purple wildflowers, I reached the top of the cliff. It was early afternoon on a beautiful day. From there, a one-lane dirt road ran several hundred yards away from town, along the cliffs, leading me to the ashram.

At the entrance stood a faded, yellow, wood picket-fence gate. It was locked and a man in a slightly tattered, dark blue Nehru jacket stood guard. He spoke no English but motioned to someone inside and a short young man in his early thirties, with a lovely light-brown complexion and a short, dark, trim beard came to talk to me. He introduced himself in a quiet, warm voice as Raghvendra, a disciple of the Maharishi, and asked if he could help me. I told him I had seen the Maharishi speak at Delhi University a few days before and that I’d come to learn meditation. Raghvendra was kind, but firm, “I’m very sorry but the ashram is closed because the Beatles and their wives are here, and were doing a meditation teacher’s course.” I had nothing to lose: “You have to teach me.” I said, “ I’m in a lot of emotional pain.” He considered this for a moment, then said, “I will ask the Maharishi. I will send you a cup of chai, but I may not be back for two or three hours.”

I thanked him, dropped my backpack to the ground, and plunked myself down. I had no idea the Beatles would be there and, at that moment, it was not good news. I spent the afternoon resting there by the gate and wrote a letter to my parents and one to my girlfriend, hoping she would reconsider. A few hours later, Raghvendra returned. Again, he was soft-spoken and kind.

“I’m sorry,” he said, “the Maharishi says ‘Not at the present time’.”

He explained that there were sixty meditators in the ashram from all over the world, to take their advanced teacher’s course, and with the Beatles and their wives there the ashram was closed to all visitors and the press. Without thinking, I said, “Can I wait?” Raghvendra was a little taken aback. He paused, seeming to check my sincerity, then said, “Yes” and added that, since I had come all the way from Canada, I could sleep in one of two old, white canvas army tents pitched across the path in a clearing of scrub grass under the old teak trees. He added that they would send me their “simple vegetarian meals.” Each tent could sleep about six adults, but I was alone in mine. A local tailor from the village below had temporarily set up shop in the other tent.

As each day stretched slowly into the next, I thought about my quest to ‘find myself’ but I just wanted my heart to stop hurting. I longed to be taught meditation. Over the next few days Raghvendra and I talked often. A kind, decent, down-to-earth man, there was always a twinkling joy in his eyes and whenever we looked at each other we couldn’t help smiling. Raghvendra was a brahmacharya, or novice monk, and one of the Maharishi’s closest disciples. He had spent many years looking for a guru and when he finally met the Maharishi, two years before, he gave up his law studies and became one of his lifetime students.

The turbulence of world events in 1968 didn’t echo in Rishikesh. At the same time, the world’s press arrived to find out what the Beatles were doing there. Every day 20 to 30 would arrive: camera crews, radio and press reporters: BBC, the American networks, Time Magazine, The Saturday Evening Post, Paris Match, Vogue, Der Stern, Italian and Japanese television, and more. Each afternoon I’d watch as the Maharishi came out of the gate to give a press conference and answer questions. Referring to the Beatles, one British reporter asked me if I thought they’d “gone bonkers”.